I've used the search, but didn't find such a list.
What is the safetiest CHMOD Setting to the folder's. Where is a list with an overview?
That depends on your server setup - the safest setting would be 000, but you probably can't use it ;), as this would mean "nobody can access the file). You need to understand what CHMOD does, what Lunix permissions are and under which user account your server runs under. There is no such thing as "the one safe setting". If there would be such a thing, our advice in the docs would be "CHMOD to 755" (if 755 was the safest setting on all server setups). There is no such suggestion because there simply can't be one. Read the permissions section of the docs. If this doesn't solve your question, ask your webhost for support and google for "CHMOD" to find out more.
The question "What is the safetiest CHMOD Setting to the folders" is just as invalid as the question "what's the best car in the world?". There is no such thing. Marking accordingly.